Frequently Asked Questions

GLP-1S is a GLP-1 receptor agonist — a synthetic peptide that mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1. It consists of 31 amino acids with a C-18 fatty acid chain modification that extends its half-life. Research has demonstrated its effects on glucose receptor signaling, receptor binding studies, and cardiovascular parameters. CAS: 910463-68-2.

GLP-1T is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist composed of 39 amino acids. It activates both glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptors, making it unique among incretin-based compounds. Research focuses on its effects on metabolic pathway research and metabolic pathway modulation. CAS: 2023788-19-2.

GLP-3R is a triple agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. This triple mechanism is being studied for its potential synergistic effects on energy expenditure and metabolic regulation. It represents the next generation of incretin-based research compounds. CAS: 2381089-83-2.

BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide consisting of 15 amino acids derived from human gastric juice protein BPC. Research examines its cytoprotective properties across multiple tissue types, including gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neurological models. CAS: 137525-51-0.

HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) is an analytical technique that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a mixture. For peptides, it measures purity by detecting the target compound versus impurities. A result of 99%+ means the sample is at least 99% the target peptide with less than 1% impurities or degradation products.

A COA is a lab report documenting the identity, purity, and quality of a specific batch. It typically includes HPLC purity results, mass spectrometry identity confirmation, endotoxin testing, and sterility results. A COA from an independent lab (not the manufacturer) is the gold standard for verification.

Mass spectrometry measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify compounds. For peptides, it confirms that the molecular weight matches the expected value — proving the compound is what it claims to be. This is separate from purity testing; it verifies identity rather than concentration.

Research Use Only (RUO) means the product is intended exclusively for laboratory research, scientific investigation, and educational purposes. RUO products have not been evaluated by the FDA for safety or efficacy in humans. They are not drugs, supplements, or food products, and are not intended for human or animal consumption.